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sourcing the best research evidence in ophthalmology
Contents
Table of contents
Retina
Age-related macular degeneration
Evidence-based guidelines
Anti-VEGF treatment in AMD
Laser treatment in AMD
Photodynamic therapy in AMD
Landmark AREDS studies
AREDS I
AREDS II
Landmark Anti-VEGF clinical trials for Neovascular AMD
Aflibercept
ALTAIR
VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR (VEGF) TRAP-EYE: INVESTIGATION OF EFFICACY AND SAFETY IN WET AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (VIEW)
Bevacizumab
COMPARISON OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATMENTS TRIALS (CATT)
Brolucizumab
BROLUCIZUMAB FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (HAWK AND HARRIER)
Ranibizumab
ANTIBODY FOR THE TREATMENT OF PREDOMINANTLY CLASSIC CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION (CNV) IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (ANCHOR)
MINIMALLY CLASSIC/OCCULT TRIAL OF THE ANTI-VEGF ANTIBODY RANIBIZUMAB IN THE TREATMENT OF NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (MARINA)
PIER: RANIBIZUMAB FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
TOLERATING SUBRETINAL FLUID IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION TREATED WITH RANIBIZUMAB USING A TREAT-AND-EXTEND REGIMEN (FLUID)
Landmark laser treatment trials for AMD
Laser Intervention in Early Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (LEAD)
Macular Photocoagulation Study (MPS)
Landmark Photodynamic therapy trials for AMD
Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with photodynamic therapy (TAP)
Verteporfin In Photodynamic Therapy (VIP)
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Evidence based guidelines: treatment of PCV
Landmark studies in PCV
Efficacy and safety of verteporfin photodynamic therapy in combination with ranibizumab or alone versus ranibizumab monotherapy in patients with symptomatic macular polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (EVEREST)
Intravitreal Aflibercept for Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy (PLANET)
Two different treatment regimens of ranibizumab 0.5 mg for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with or without polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Chinese patients (DRAGON)
Verteporfin versus ranibizumab for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (LAPTOP)
Diabetic Retinopathy
Landmark studies in diabetic retinopathy
DCCT
UKPDS
DRCR.net Protocol W: Intravitreous Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor vs Sham Treatment for Prevention of Vision-Threatening Complications of Diabetic Retinopathy
Cataract surgery in diabetic patients
Evidence-based guidelines: Cataract surgery in Diabetic retinopathy
Studies
Intravitreal Bevacizumab vs. Triamcinolone for Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema at the Time of Cataract Surgery (DIMECAT)
PREMED II: prevention of cystoid macular edema after cataract surgery in diabetics
Diabetic Macular Edema
Evidence based guidelines: Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
Landmark Anti-VEGF clinical trials (Diabetic Macular Edema)
Aflibercept (DME)
DRCR.net PROTOCOL T: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
DRCR.net PROTOCOL V: Initial Management With Aflibercept vs Laser Photocoagulation vs Observation on Vision Loss Among Patients With Diabetic Macular Edema
Intravitreal Aflibercept for Diabetic Macular Edema (VISTA AND VIVID)
VEGF Trap-Eye in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (DA VINCI)
Bevacizumab (DME)
DRCR.net PROTOCOL T: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
Ranibizumab (DME)
DRCR.net PROTOCOL I: Ranibizumab With Prompt or Deferred Laser Versus Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Deferred Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
DRCR.net PROTOCOL T: Aflibercept, Bevacizumab, or Ranibizumab for Diabetic Macular Edema
Ranibizumab monotherapy or combined with laser versus laser monotherapy for diabetic macular edema (RESTORE)
Ranibizumab Therapy for Diabetic Macular Edema (RISE AND RIDE)
Steroid trials (Diabetic Macular Edema)
Dexamethasone intravitreal implant in patients with diabetic macular edema (MEAD)
DRCR.net PROTOCOL B: Focal/grid photocoagulation vs intravitreal triamcinolone for diabetic macular edema
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Landmark clinical trials in PDR
Clinical efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept versus panretinal photocoagulation for best corrected visual acuity in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy at 52 weeks (CLARITY)
Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS)
DRCR.net PROTOCOL AB: Vitrectomy vs Aflibercept for Vitreous Hemorrhage
DRCR.net PROTOCOL S: Panretinal Photocoagulation vs Intravitreous Ranibizumab for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Vitreous Hemorrhage in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Evidence-based guidelines: Vitreous Haemorrhage in PDR
Non-proliferative Diabetic retinopathy
PANORAMA
Retinal vein occlusions
Branch retinal vein occlusion
Evidence based guidelines: Branch retinal vein occlusion
Landmark clinical trials
Branch Vein Occlusion Study (BVOS)
Standard Care vs. COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) – BRVO
Anti-VEGF trials
BRAVO
Central retinal vein occlusion
Evidence-based guidelines: Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Landmark studies
Central Vein Occlusion Study (CVOS)
Standard Care vs. COrticosteroid for REtinal Vein Occlusion (SCORE) – CRVO
Anti-VEGF trials
Aflibercept
COPERNICUS
GALILEO
LEAVO
SCORE2
Bevacizumab
LEAVO
SCORE2
Ranibizumab
CRUISE
HORIZON
LEAVO
Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization
Landmark studies
Intravitreal Aflibercept Injection in Patients with Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization (MYRROR)
Ranibizumab for the treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathological myopia (REPAIR)
Ranibizumab in patients with choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia (RADIANCE)
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
Landmark studies
Eplerenone for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (VICI)
Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy versus High-Density Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (PLACE AND REPLACE)
Surgical retinal conditions
Retinal detachment
PIVOT
SPR
Macular Hole
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Macular Hole
Positioning In Macular hole Surgery (PIMS)
Optic Disc Pit
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Optic disc pit
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Vitamin A and E supplementation
Voretigene Neparvovec
Cornea and external eye diseases
Keratoconus
Natural history of keratoconus
Corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus
Evidence-based guidelines: Corneal Collagen Cross-linking in keratoconus
Landmark studies
Accelerated Pulsed High-Fluence Corneal Cross-Linking for Progressive Keratoconus
Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Keratoconus (CLEK) Study
Corneal crosslinking and intracorneal ring segments for keratoconus: A randomized study of concurrent versus sequential surgery
Effect of Corneal Cross-linking versus Standard Care on Keratoconus Progression in Young Patients (KERALINK)
Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus
Transepithelial corneal collagen crosslinking for progressive keratoconus: 24-month clinical results
Transepithelial corneal crosslinking for keratoconus
United States Multicenter Clinical Trial of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking for Keratoconus Treatment
Corneal infections
Bacterial keratitis
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Bacterial keratitis
Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT)
Fungal keratitis
Evidence-based guidelines: Fungal keratitis
Mycotic Ulcer Treatment Trial (MUTT)
Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Herpes Simplex Keratitis
Landmark studies
Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) I
Herpetic Eye Disease Study (HEDS) II
Herpes Zoster Keratitis
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Herpes zoster keratitis
Dry Eye Disease
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
Landmark studies in Dry Eye Disease
Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study
Cequa (Cyclosporine 0.09%)
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Masked Study of OTX-101 Ophthalmic Solution 0.09% in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
Eysuvis (Loteprednol etabonate 0.25%)
A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, multicenter comparison of loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspension, 0.5%, and placebo for treatment of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in patients with delayed tear clearance
Effect of Loteprednol Etabonate 0.5% on Initiation of Dry Eye Treatment With Topical Cyclosporine 0.05%
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Efficacy of Topical Loteprednol Etabonate 0.5% Versus Cyclosporine-A 0.05% for Treatment of Dry Eye Syndrome Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Restasis (cyclosporine 0.05%)
Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. CsA Phase 3 Study Group
Xiidra (Lifetegrast 5%)
Lifitegrast for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (OPUS)
Neurotrophic keratopathy
Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Outcomes of corneal neurotisation using processed nerve allografts: a multicentre case series
Treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy with minimally invasive corneal neurotisation: long-term clinical outcomes and evidence of corneal reinnervation
Pterygium
Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of Pterygium
Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
Hyperosmolar Eye Drops for Diurnal Corneal Edema in Fuchs’ Endothelial Dystrophy
Corneal surgery
Corneal transplantation
Evidence-based guidelines
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Descemetorhexis without endothelial keratoplasty
Glaucoma
Types of glaucoma
Open Angle Glaucoma
Normal Tension Glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Normal Tension Glaucoma
Landmark studies
Collaborative Normal Tension Glaucoma Study (CNTGS)
Low-Pressure Glaucoma Treatment Study (LGTS)
Ocular Hypertension
Evidence-based guidelines: Ocular Hypertension
Landmark studies
Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS)
European Glaucoma Prevention Study (EGPS)
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma
Landmark studies
Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS)
Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study (CIGTS)
Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT)
Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS): Initial intraocular pressure reduction by mono- versus multi-therapy
UK Glaucoma Treatment Study (UKGTS)
Primary Angle Closure and Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Primary Angle Closure Glaucoma
Landmark studies
Zhongshan Angle Closure Prevention (ZAP) trial
Effectiveness of early lens extraction for the treatment of primary angle-closure glaucoma (EAGLE)
Secondary Glaucomas
Glaucoma associated with surgery
Evidence-based guidelines: Neovascular glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Pigment dispersion syndrome and Pigmentary Glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma
Evidence-based guidelines: Uveitic Glaucoma
Management of glaucoma
Medical treatment
Bimatoprost implant
Evidence-based guidelines: Bimatoprost implant
Phase 3, Randomized, 20-Month Study of Bimatoprost Implant in Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension (ARTEMIS 1)
Latanoprost Bunod
Evidence-based guidelines: Latanoprost Bunod
Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% and Timolol Maleate 0.5% in Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (LUNAR)
Latanoprostene Bunod 0.024% versus Timolol Maleate 0.5% in Subjects with Open-Angle Glaucoma or Ocular Hypertension (APOLLO)
Netarsudil
Evidence-based guidelines: Netarsudil
Rho Kinase Elevated IOP Treatment (ROCKET) trials
Netarsudil/Latanoprost
Evidence-based guidelines: Netarsudil/Latanoprost
Netarsudil/Latanoprost Fixed-Dose Combination for Elevated Intraocular Pressure (MERCURY)
Vitamin B3
Improvement in inner retinal function in glaucoma with nicotinamide (vitamin B3) supplementation: A crossover randomized clinical trial
Laser treatment
Evidence-based guidelines:
Argon laser iridoplasty
Selective laser trabeculoplasty
Landmark studies
Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS): Selective laser trabeculoplasty versus topical medication as initial glaucoma treatment
Laser in Glaucoma and ocular HyperTension (LiGHT)
Steroids after Laser Trabeculoplasty (SALT)
Surgical treatment
Glaucoma Drainage Devices
Evidence-based guidelines: Paul Tube
Landmark studies
Ahmed Baerveldt comparison (ABC) study
Ahmed Versus Baerveldt (AVB) study
Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study
Primary Tube vs. Trabeculectomy Study (PTVT)
Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) Study
Microinvasive glaucoma surgery
Hydrus
Evidence-based guidelines: Hydrus
Hydrus Microstent for Lowering IOP in Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery (HORIZON)
iStent
Evidence-based guidelines: iStent
A Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Hydrus and iStent Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgery Implants for Standalone Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma (COMPARE)
Preserflo
Evidence-based guidelines: Preserflo
XEN
Evidence-based guidelines: XEN
Standalone Ab Interno Gelatin Microstent Implantation versus Standalone Trabeculectomy (XEN VS TRAB)
Cypass
Evidence-based guidelines: Cypass
Implantable Device for Lowering Intraocular Pressure in Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery (COMPASS)
Pediatric ophthalmology and Strabismus
Amblyopia
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Amblyopia
PEDIG studies
PEDIG: Anisometropic amblyopia
PEDIG: Atropine vs patching in moderate amblyopia aged < 7 years old
PEDIG: Atropine vs patching in moderate amblyopia aged 7-12 years old
PEDIG: Binocular Ipad game in children aged 13-16 years
PEDIG: Binocular Ipad game in children aged 7-12 years
PEDIG: Weekend atropine for severe amblyopia
Congenital cataract
Evidence-based guidelines: Treatment of Congenital Cataract
Infant Aphakia Treatment Study (IATS)
IOLunder2 study (IOLUNDER2)
Toddler Aphakia and Pseudophakia Study (TAPS)
Hyperopia
PEDIG: Immediate vs delayed glasses for moderate hyperopia in 1-2 year olds
PEDIG: Immediate vs delayed glasses for moderate hyperopia in 3-5 year olds
Infantile Esotropia
Evidence-based guideline: Infantile Esotropia
Landmark studies
Congenital Esotropia Observational Study
Early vs. late infantile strabismus surgery study (ELISSS)
Intermittent Exotropia
PEDIG studies
PEDIG: Associations between age and baseline factors and surgical outcomes
PEDIG: Bilateral LRC vs unilateral RCRS for Intermittent XT
PEDIG: Observation for intemittent XT
Myopia progression
Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of rapid myopia progression
Landmark studies
Dilute Atropine eyedrops
Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (ATOM) I
Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (ATOM) II
Low-Concentration Atropine for Myopia Progression (LAMP)
MiSight contact lenses
A 3-year Randomized Clinical Trial of MiSight Lenses for Myopia Control
MiSight Assessment Study Spain (MASS). A 2-year randomized clinical trial
Retinopathy of prematurity
Bevacizumab Eliminates the Angiogenic Threat for Retinopathy of Prematurity (BEAT-ROP)
Cataract and Refractive Surgery
Cataract surgery
Intraocular lens power formulae
Suprachoroidal haemorrhage
Surgical correction of astigmatism
Post-operative endophthalmitis
Refractive surgery
Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)
Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK)
Neuro-ophthalmology
Giant Cell Arteritis
Giant-Cell Arteritis Actemra (GiACTA) trial
Hereditary optic neuropathy
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of idebenone in Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION TREATMENT TRIAL
Myasthenia Gravis
Thymectomy in Myasthenia Gravis (MGTX)
NAION
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy: role of systemic corticosteroid therapy
Optic Neuritis
Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT)
Uveitis
Adalimumab in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated uveitis (SYCAMORE)
VISUAL III: Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis
VISUAL I: Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis
VISUAL II: Adalimumab in Patients with Active Noninfectious Uveitis
Oculoplastics
Thyroid Eye Disease
Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Active Thyroid Eye Disease (OPTIC)
Ocular Oncology
COMS Studies
Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) – LARGE TUMOURS
Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) – MEDIUM TUMOURS
Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) – SMALL TUMOUR
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