Main finding: The risk of progression to advanced AMD increased with increasing age and severity of drusen. Women and current smokers were at increased risk of neovascular AMD
Study type: Randomized controlled Trial
Condition: Age-related Macular Degeneration
Participants: Individuals with extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye
n=4757 (enrolled in AREDS)
Intervention:
Group 1: antioxidants (500 mg of vitamin C, 400 IU of vitamin E, and 15 mg of beta carotene)
Group 2: zinc (80 mg of zinc as zinc oxide and 2 mg of copper)
Group 3: antioxidants + zinc
Group 4: placebo
The risk of progression to advanced AMD increased with increasing age and severity of drusen.
Women and current smokers were at increased risk of neovascular AMD.
October 2001
Clinical Trial
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial of High-Dose Supplementation With Vitamins C and E, Beta Carotene, and Zinc for Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Vision Loss. AREDS Report No. 8
Arch Ophthalmol. 2001 Oct;119(10):1417-36. Full text
Main finding: In patients with intermediate or advanced AMD in one eye, anti-oxidants + zinc decreased the risk of developing advanced AMD vs placebo.
Study type: Randomized controlled Trial
Condition: Age-related Macular Degeneration
Participants: Individuals with extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye
n=4757 (enrolled in AREDS)
Intervention:
Group 1: antioxidants (500 mg of vitamin C, 400 IU of vitamin E, and 15 mg of beta carotene)
Group 2: zinc (80 mg of zinc as zinc oxide and 2 mg of copper)
Group 3: antioxidants + zinc
Group 4: placebo
Antioxidants + zinc significantly decreased the risk of developing advanced AMD in patients with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye.
Participants with extensive small drusen, nonextensive intermediate size drusen, or pigment abnormalities had a 1.3% 5-year probability of progression to advanced AMD
December 1, 2000
Case-control study
Risk factors associated with age-related macular degeneration. A case-control study in the age-related eye disease study: Age-Related Eye Disease Study Report Number 3
Main finding: Hypertension and smoking are risk factors for developing AMD.
Study type: Case-control study
Condition: Age-related Macular Degeneration
Participants: Individuals with extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye
n=4757 (enrolled in AREDS)
Risk factors for intermediate drusen, extensive small drusen, or the pigment abnormalities:
Age, female, arthritis
Risk factors for one or more large drusen or extensive intermediate drusen:
Age, hydrochlorothiazide diuretics use, arthritis, Hypertension, hyperopia, presence of lens opacities, and white race, completed fewer years in school, smoker
Risk factors for Geographic Atrophy:
Age, completed fewer years in school, smoker, thyroid hormone use, antacid use.
Risk factors for neovascular AMD:
Age, Hypertension, hyperopia, presence of lens opacities, and white race, increased BMI, completed fewer years in school, smoker
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